What You Need To Know About Australian Subterranean Termites
Australia is home to over 300 species of termites, most of which play a vital role in recycling decaying plant materials and enriching the soil. However, a few termite species cause significant economic damage to homes and structures. This guide explores the types, behaviour, and treatment of Australian termites, focusing on protecting your property from these destructive pests.
Understanding Termite Colonies
Termites are social insects that live in colonies. The size of a colony depends on the species:
- Ringant termites: Colonies typically contain only a few hundred individuals.
- Coptotermes: Large colonies may house hundreds of thousands or even millions of termites.
Termite nests vary by species:
- Mound-builders: Large mounds are common with species like Coptotermes.
- Underground nesters: Subterranean termites build hidden nests underground.
- Tree nesters: Some species establish smaller colonies in trees.
In Ipswich and Brisbane’s western suburbs, subterranean termite nests are particularly concerning, as they are not visible but cause the most structural damage.
Termite Swarms and Colonisation
The first sign of a termite infestation is often a colonising flight, where winged termites (alates) leave their colonies to form new ones. This typically occurs in early summer. Once paired, the alates lose their wings and retreat to a small chamber, where they mate and begin a new colony. A termite queen can live over 25 years, laying up to 30,000 eggs daily at peak fertility. It can take years for a colony to grow large enough to cause noticeable damage, but once established, their impact can be devastating.
Types of Termites in Australia
The most common termite types in Australia are:
-
Subterranean termites
- Coptotermes acinaciformis (most destructive)
- Heterotermes ferox
- Schedorhinotermes intermedius
-
Drywood termites
- Cryptotermes brevis (West Indian drywood termite)
- Cryptotermes primus
-
Dampwood termites
- Found in decaying, moist wood.
What Do Termites Eat?
Most termites consume cellulose from decaying wood and plant matter, such as logs, leaves, and twigs. Termites that feed on sapwood and starches can also damage:
- Structural timbers in buildings.
- Fallen logs and stumps.
- Wooden furniture and fixtures.
Some termite species, like grass-feeding termites, do not pose a risk to buildings.
Most Destructive Termites in Australia
- Coptotermes acinaciformis: Responsible for the most economic damage nationwide.
- Mastotermes darwiniensis: The giant northern termite is highly destructive but limited to northern Australia.
What Attracts Termites to Homes?
- Decaying wood: The release of carbon dioxide attracts termites.
- Moisture: Leaking taps, broken pipes, and damp areas are ideal for termites.
- Food sources: Termites forage for food and water to sustain their colonies.
Signs of Termite Activity
Look for these common signs of termite infestations:
- Headbanging sounds: Termite soldiers make audible tapping noises inside walls or timber.
- Flying termites: Swarms of winged termites are a clear sign of colonising activity.
- Mud tubes: Thin, earthen tunnels on walls, foundations, or timbers.
- Hollow-sounding timber: Wood that sounds hollow when tapped.
- Tight-fitting doors/windows: Moisture caused by termites can warp timber.
- Droppings (frass): Small piles of sawdust-like material near infested areas.
Can Termites Destroy a House?
Yes. Termites cause over $1 billion in property damage annually in Australia. Repairs can range from a few thousand dollars to hundreds of thousands. In extreme cases, homes must be demolished and rebuilt.
Do Termites Leave Without Treatment?
While some termite species may temporarily leave when disturbed, they often return. For example, Schedorhinotermes intermedius are known to vacate and reinfest the same home within weeks. Multiple species may also attack a single property simultaneously, further complicating treatment.
Why Are Termites Hard to Eliminate?
Termites have existed for over 250 million years and are integral to the environment. While removing termites from the ecosystem is impossible, preventing infestations and controlling colonies near your home is achievable with professional help. A mature termite colony can cause significant structural damage within weeks of attacking a home.
How to Get Rid of Termites Effectively
Professional pest control is essential for eliminating termites. Jets Pest Control offers:
- Comprehensive inspections: To identify species and extent of infestations.
- Termite barriers: Physical or chemical treatments to prevent entry.
- Colony elimination: Using advanced technologies to target and destroy colonies.
Protect Your Home with Jets Pest Control
Jets Pest Control specialises in termite management in Ipswich and Brisbane’s western suburbs. Our licensed technicians use the latest methods and safe, effective treatments to protect your home from termites. From inspections to complete colony elimination, we provide tailored solutions to suit your needs.
Concerned about termites?
Call Jets Pest Control at 1300 566 569 or visit www.jetspestcontrol.com.au to schedule a professional inspection and take the first step in protecting your home.
